The new german energy policy was decided in its final form in 2011. Scenario analyses concerning energy efficiency and climate. In germany, as part of the countrys energiewende, or energy transformation, electric utilities have been ordered to generate 35 percent of their electricity from renewable sources by 2020, 50 percent by 2030, 65 percent by 2040, and 80 percent. Spains 20 percent renewable energy share of generation from wind and solar power has come at a very high cost to the nation. Press release, extraordinary council meeting, transport, telecommunications and energy, energy items, presse 72, pr co 19, 21. Download international journal biology education pdf. Tax breaks for biofuel and natural gas should also continue indefinitely. Germany was europes largest consumer of electricity in 2002. The federal governments energy plan the energiekonzept 2050 sets the stage for a sea change in our energy supply.
On, vattenfall and enbw stop their payments to the fund for promotion of renewable energies. The worldwide energy consumption has risen inexorably since the beginning of industrialization in the 19 th century. Chapter 5 the new global competitive environment rising. Bundesregierung energiekonzept fur eine umweltschonende. Energy in germany is sourced predominantly by fossil fuels, followed by nuclear power, biomass wood and biofuels, wind, hydro and solar the german economy is large and developed, ranking fourth in the world by gdp. Moe 2011 answers the first question by identifying a solar but not wind lobby in. Pdf klimaschutz in berlin climate protection in berlin. Towards a low carbon energy future renewable energy.
Natural disaster, policy action, and mental wellbeing. Why energy efficiency needs to have priority as part of the energiewende luca bergamaschi, ingrid holmes and sabrina schulz briefing paper september 20 the energiewende debate is an opportunity to rethink and reprioritise delivery of the best value. This chapter frames the transition towards clean energies as a sequential process of instrument choice and instrument change. The german federal state of north rhinewestphalia nrw is home to one of the most important industrial regions in europe, and is the first german state to have adopted its own climate protection law cpl. Finally a modelled to real ratio has been calculated and applied using actual consumption data from the energy follow up survey 2011 decc 2014. First, regulators decide how to initiate the transition away from fossil energies. Lisann krautzberger, heike wetzel october 2011 pdf download 12 german nuclear policy reconsidered.
Energy is increasingly being derived from renewable sources. Why energy efficiency needs to have priority as part of. This paper describes the longterm up to 2050 mitigation scenarios for nrws main energyintensive industrial subsectors which served to support the implementation of the cpl. Stellungnahme zum monitoingbericht 2011 bundesnetzagentur. Sc degree in agriculture and environmental science s. Energiekonzept deutsche bundesregierung 2010 2011 as part of the german energiewende. What are the distributional implications for households. International journal biology education pdf mzqbscw. Dan mote, universities as drivers of growth in the united states, in national research council, building the 21 st century. Because of this, germany ranked sixth in global energy consumption between 2004 and 2007.
The german energiewendehistory, targets, policies and challenges. It is crucial that electrical devices, as well as buildings and transportation become considerably more efficient. Target scenarios pik et al 2011 for friedrichebert foundation, june 2011 energieszenarien 2011 energy scenarios 2011 by ewi, gws, prognos ag for the federal ministry of economics and technology bmwi, july 2011. Here, support policies for renewable electricity are politically convenient because they face low resistance from fossil energies interest groups. For example, us president obama and chinese president xi negotiated an important agreement on the super greenhouse gases hfcs at their summit in june 20. Ewis core competence is the scientific research which includes topics of the industrial, environmental and regulatory economics as well as analyses based on complex energy economic simulation models. The transformation of the german electricity sector to a neartotal renewable supply eneigiewende by 2050 or earlier was embodied into law in 2012. As of the end of 2011, the emissions were down by about 27% compared to 1990 levels. Energies free fulltext reindustrialisation and low. The new german energy policy oxford institute for energy. Challenges of a full transition to renewable energy. Against the background of limited fossil energy resources and global warming, the development of pathways to lowcarbon energy systems is one of the most challenging tasks of the 21 st century. Households also have to pay valueadded tax vat on top of the total. Embedded within the agreements of the kyoto protocol.
There exists an earlier version energieszenarien 2010 that had been ordered by the german government for the energiekonzept. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. China cooperation on science, technology, and innovations, washington, dc. Average electricity consumption per household was calculated on the basis of the data on final energy consumption in private households for 2011 electricity and the number of households for 2011 40. In order for this change to come about, our energy supply needs to become more efficient and secure. Costbenefit analysis of policies for the development of. In september 2010, the federal government in germany presented an energy strategy energiekonzept that aims at a farreaching transformation of the energy supply. The planned fuel tax based on greenhouse gas emissions also favours natural gas, as the environmentallyfriendly fuel would also benefit from a low rate of taxation over the long term. By 2020, co 2 emissions are to be reduced by 40% compared to 1990 levels, 55% by 2030 and 8095% by 2050. Trajectoires 20202050 vers une economie sobre en carbone. The german energiewende under pressure european trade. Policy brief partnership on transparency in the paris.
454 1512 791 774 964 1525 1370 661 267 571 559 1179 377 933 296 1519 887 23 1381 599 825 198 568 155 1099 1068 974 1184 1343 448 1325 259 1604 131 135 377 321 949 1440 698 1194